Answering the mistery of memory: Difference between revisions

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Created page with "Here is a more polished and coherent version, with a slightly more continuous narrative tone and tightened phrasing: --- In 1953, a young man who would later become known as patient H.M. underwent an experimental surgery in which his hippocampi were bilaterally removed to treat intractable epilepsy. Although the procedure successfully controlled his seizures, it resulted in a profound and unexpected deficit. While he retained previously formed memories, he was no longe..."
 
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Here is a more polished and coherent version, with a slightly more continuous narrative tone and tightened phrasing:
[[j:記憶の謎を解き明かす]]
[[file:Cajal Hippocampus.jpg|thumbnail|Original drawing of the hippocampus by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Golgi staining).]]
[[file:Thy1-hippocampus-merge.png|thumbnail|Mouse hippocampal section from a transgenic line expressing G-CaMP7 and DsRed2.]]
In 1953, a young man who would later become known as patient H.M. underwent an experimental surgical procedure involving bilateral resection of the hippocampi as a treatment for intractable epilepsy. While the operation successfully alleviated his seizures, it resulted in a profound and unanticipated cognitive deficit. Although previously established memories remained largely intact, he was unable to form new declarative memories.


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Subsequent studies of H.M. demonstrated that the hippocampus is indispensable for the initial encoding of memory, yet is not the ultimate site of long-term storage. However, the mechanisms by which memories are encoded within the hippocampus, reorganized across distributed brain networks, and subsequently retrieved remain incompletely understood. Elucidating these processes constitutes a central objective in contemporary neuroscience.


In 1953, a young man who would later become known as patient H.M. underwent an experimental surgery in which his hippocampi were bilaterally removed to treat intractable epilepsy. Although the procedure successfully controlled his seizures, it resulted in a profound and unexpected deficit. While he retained previously formed memories, he was no longer able to form new ones.
Our laboratory addresses this problem through an integrative, multi-scale approach spanning molecular, cellular, circuit, and behavioral levels:


Studies of H.M.’s condition established that the hippocampus is essential for the initial formation of memory, but not for its long-term storage. Yet the fundamental question remains unresolved: how are memories encoded within the hippocampus, transferred to distributed cortical networks, and later retrieved? Addressing this problem continues to be one of the central challenges in neuroscience.
* [[Projects#Protein_Trafficking_and_Long-term_Potentiation|Protein trafficking in long-term potentiation]]
 
* [[Projects#Liquid-liquid_phase_separation_and_synaptic_plasticity|Liquid-liquid phase separation and synaptic plasticity]]
In our laboratory, we investigate these questions across multiple levels, from molecular mechanisms to animal behavior:
* [[Projects#Molecular_Mechanisms_of_Structural_Plasticity_of_Dendritic_Spines|Molecular Mechanisms of Structural Plasticity of Dendritic Spines]]
 
* [[Projects#Dynamic_Behavior_of_Cellular_Memory_Engram|Dynamic Behavior of Cellular Memory Engram]]
* Protein trafficking and long-term potentiation
* Liquid–liquid phase separation in synaptic plasticity
* Molecular mechanisms of structural plasticity in dendritic spines
* Dynamic properties of cellular memory engrams
 
Original drawing of the hippocampus by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Golgi staining).
 
Mouse hippocampal section from a transgenic line expressing G-CaMP7 and DsRed2.


== Latest News ==
== Latest News ==


* November 12, 2021: Work by Akihiro Goto published in *Science*. See “Erasing memory with light – understanding why sleep is necessary for memory.”
* November 12, 2021: Work by Akihiro Goto published in Science. See “Erasing memory with light – understanding why sleep is necessary for memory.”<br>
* April 29, 2021: Work by Tomohisa Hosokawa and Pinwu Liu published in *Nature Neuroscience*. See “An oil–water relationship explains memory formation – a new protein segregation mechanism in the brain.”
* April 29, 2021: Work by Tomohisa Hosokawa and Pinwu Liu published in Nature Neuroscience. See “An oil–water relationship explains memory formation – a new protein segregation mechanism in the brain.”
 
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If you would like, I can tune the tone further—for example, making it more formal for a grant homepage, or more accessible for a general audience.

Latest revision as of 13:08, 13 April 2026

Original drawing of the hippocampus by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Golgi staining).
Mouse hippocampal section from a transgenic line expressing G-CaMP7 and DsRed2.

In 1953, a young man who would later become known as patient H.M. underwent an experimental surgical procedure involving bilateral resection of the hippocampi as a treatment for intractable epilepsy. While the operation successfully alleviated his seizures, it resulted in a profound and unanticipated cognitive deficit. Although previously established memories remained largely intact, he was unable to form new declarative memories.

Subsequent studies of H.M. demonstrated that the hippocampus is indispensable for the initial encoding of memory, yet is not the ultimate site of long-term storage. However, the mechanisms by which memories are encoded within the hippocampus, reorganized across distributed brain networks, and subsequently retrieved remain incompletely understood. Elucidating these processes constitutes a central objective in contemporary neuroscience.

Our laboratory addresses this problem through an integrative, multi-scale approach spanning molecular, cellular, circuit, and behavioral levels:

Latest News

  • November 12, 2021: Work by Akihiro Goto published in Science. See “Erasing memory with light – understanding why sleep is necessary for memory.”
  • April 29, 2021: Work by Tomohisa Hosokawa and Pinwu Liu published in Nature Neuroscience. See “An oil–water relationship explains memory formation – a new protein segregation mechanism in the brain.”
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